Inferring causal networks from noisy observations is of vital importance in various fields.Due to the complexity of system modeling, the way in which universal and feasible inference algorithms are studied is a key challenge for network reconstruction.In this study, without any assumptions, we develop a novel model-free framework to uncover only th
The present paper was created with the aim of investigating a rapidly spreading phenomenon, such as crowdfunding, starting with a general overview of the nature of the mechanism, to then focus on the growing importance in the sports sector.Crowdfunding is a collective funding mechanism that arises fundamentally from the need for small projects Eye
Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (V-SLAM) is pivotal for precise positioning and mapping.However, visual data from crowd-sourced datasets often contains deficiencies that may lead to positioning errors.Despite existing optimization techniques, current algorithms do not adequately adapt to varied data in vehicle driving scenarios.To addr
The business status of domestic roaming and clearing services of telecom operators and the problems and challenges faced after the Table Stool arrival of 5G were analyzed.The blockchain technology represented by distributed ledgers and smart contracts were introduced,and the domestic clearing-settlement platform based on blockchain technology was f